Preemptive Kidney Transplant

suggest that getting a transplant before kidney failure occurs leads to better long-term outcomes, fewer complications, and improved quality of life. This procedure reduces exposure to dialysis-related complications and allows patients to recover faster and lead a normal life.

ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant

transplant, advanced medical techniques allow transplantation even if the donor and recipient have mismatched blood groups. Special treatments like plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy help remove harmful antibodies, increasing the chances of transplant success. This expands donor options for patients who have difficulty finding a match.

Paired Kidney Exchange

A paired kidney exchange is an advanced transplant option for patients who have a willing donor but are not biologically compatible. In this program, two or more pairs of incompatible donors and recipients are matched with each other so that each patient gets a compatible kidney from another donor. This procedure helps increase transplant success rates and reduces waiting time.

Kidney Transplant

A kidney transplant is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where a healthy kidney from a donor replaces a failing kidney.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

A minimally invasive procedure where a balloon and stent are used to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, improving blood flow to the heart.

Coronary Angiography

A diagnostic procedure using contrast dye and X-rays to visualize blockages in coronary arteries. Helps in determining the need for angioplasty or bypass surgery.

Pacemaker Implantation

A small electronic device is implanted in the chest to regulate irregular heartbeats, used for patients with bradycardia (slow heart rate) or arrhythmias.

Radiofrequency Ablation

A procedure used to diagnose and treat abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) by mapping electrical activity and using radiofrequency energy to destroy faulty heart tissue.

Liver Biopsy

A liver biopsy is a procedure to obtain a small tissue sample from the liver to diagnose conditions such as liver disease, hepatitis, or cirrhosis. A needle is inserted through the skin into the liver to collect the sample, which is then analyzed under a microscope.

Gastric Bypass Surgery

Gastric bypass is a weight-loss surgery that reduces stomach size and reroutes the digestive tract to limit food absorption. This procedure is commonly used for patients with obesity and related health issues such as diabetes or hypertension. It requires significant lifestyle changes and follow-up care.

Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, or cancer. A flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum to visualize the intestinal lining. If necessary, polyps can be removed during the procedure.

Endoscopic Retrograde

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

Palliative Sedation

Medications are administered to keep terminally ill patients comfortable by reducing pain, anxiety, and distress in the final stages of life.

Spinal Cord Stimulation

A device is implanted near the spine to send mild electrical pulses, helping manage chronic pain by blocking pain signals to the brain.

Intrathecal Pump Implantation

A small pump is implanted under the skin to deliver pain medication directly to the spinal fluid, used for severe cancer pain or neuropathic pain.

Nerve Block Injections

A procedure where anesthetic or steroid injections are administered around nerves to reduce pain in conditions like sciatica, arthritis, or post-surgical pain.

Breast Reconstruction Surgery

A procedure to rebuild the shape and appearance of the breast after mastectomy using implants or tissue from other body parts.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

A procedure to remove and examine lymph nodes to check if breast cancer has spread. If cancer is detected, more nodes may be removed.

Mastectomy

A procedure to remove one or both breasts to treat or prevent breast cancer. It can be simple (total), modified radical, or radical mastectomy depending on cancer severity.

Lumpectomy

A surgery to remove only the tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue, preserving most of the breast. It is often followed by radiation therapy.

Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction

An ACL Reconstruction is a minimally invasive procedure used to repair a torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), commonly caused by sports injuries. The torn ligament is replaced with a graft from the hamstring, patellar tendon, or donor tissue. The surgery is performed arthroscopically with small incisions, leading to faster recovery and less scarring.

Spinal Fusion Surgery

Spinal Fusion is performed to treat chronic back pain, spinal fractures, scoliosis, or herniated discs. The procedure involves fusing two or more vertebrae using bone grafts, metal rods, or screws to stabilize the spine. It helps reduce pain and prevents further spinal degeneration but limits spinal flexibility. Patients require extensive rehabilitation post-surgery.

Total Hip Replacement

A Total Hip Replacement (THR) is a procedure where a surgeon removes the damaged hip joint and replaces it with a prosthetic implant. It is commonly performed in patients with hip osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or hip fractures. The surgery relieves pain, restores movement, and improves quality of life. Post-operative physical therapy is crucial for proper healing.

Total Knee Replacement

A Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged knee joint with an artificial implant. It is recommended for patients with severe arthritis, osteoarthritis, or knee injuries that cause chronic pain and limit movement. The damaged cartilage and bone are removed, and a metal and plastic prosthetic joint is implanted. Physical therapy is required post-surgery to regain mobility.

Fundoplication

This surgery is performed to treat severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by wrapping the upper stomach around the lower esophagus to prevent acid reflux.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

This complex surgery is used to treat pancreatic cancer or tumors in the pancreas, bile duct, or small intestine. It involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, gallbladder, and bile duct.

Gastrectomy

A gastrectomy involves the partial or complete removal of the stomach, often for gastric cancer, severe ulcers, or obesity. The digestive tract is then reconstructed to allow food passage.

Colectomy

A colectomy is a surgical procedure to remove part or all of the colon due to conditions like colon cancer, Crohn’s disease, or diverticulitis. It can be performed laparoscopically or as open surgery.

Mediastinal Tumor Resection

A procedure to remove tumors from the mediastinum (the area between the lungs, containing the heart and major blood vessels), commonly performed for thymoma, lymphoma, or germ cell tumors.

Esophagectomy

A major surgery to remove part or all of the esophagus due to cancer, followed by reconstruction using the stomach or intestines.

Pneumonectomy

A procedure where the entire lung is removed, usually required for advanced-stage lung cancer or tumors affecting the central airway.

Lobectomy

A surgical procedure to remove one lobe of the lung affected by cancer while preserving the rest of the lung. It is the most common surgery for early-stage lung cancer.

Spinal Cord Decompression Surgery

This procedure is performed to relieve spinal cord compression caused by herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or tumors. It involves removing part of the vertebrae (laminectomy) or a portion of a herniated disc (discectomy) to reduce pressure on nerves and the spinal cord. Patients with symptoms like severe back pain, numbness, weakness, or difficulty walking benefit greatly from this surgery. Minimally invasive techniques allow faster recovery.

Brain Tumor Surgery

Brain tumor surgery involves removing abnormal growths in the brain to relieve pressure, improve neurological function, and prevent cancer spread. The most common method is craniotomy, where part of the skull is removed to access the tumor. Advanced techniques like neuro-navigation, awake brain surgery, and robotic-assisted surgery help ensure precision and safety. Surgery may be followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy to prevent tumor regrowth.

Stroke Thrombectomy

Stroke thrombectomy is an emergency procedure to remove a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain, causing an ischemic stroke. Using a catheter inserted through the groin, doctors navigate to the blocked artery and extract the clot with a stent retriever or suction device. This procedure must be performed within 6 - 24 hours of stroke onset to restore blood flow, prevent brain damage, and reduce disability.

Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used to treat neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Electrodes are implanted in specific brain areas and connected to a pacemaker-like device placed under the skin in the chest. The device sends electrical impulses to regulate abnormal brain activity, reducing symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and involuntary movements. DBS does not cure neurological diseases but significantly improves quality of life.

Epilepsy Surgery

Epilepsy surgery is recommended for patients with severe, drug-resistant epilepsy. The most common procedure is temporal lobectomy, where a part of the brain’s temporal lobe (where seizures originate) is removed. Another approach, corpus callosotomy, cuts the corpus callosum to prevent seizures from spreading between brain hemispheres. This surgery significantly reduces seizure frequency and improves quality of life.

Aneurysm Clipping

Aneurysm clipping is a neurosurgical procedure used to prevent a brain aneurysm from rupturing. Surgeons place a small metal clip at the base of the aneurysm to stop blood flow, preventing it from bursting and causing a life-threatening stroke or brain hemorrhage. This is a highly effective treatment for unruptured and ruptured aneurysms. Compared to endovascular coiling, clipping is more invasive but has a lower risk of recurrence.

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS) is used to treat spinal disorders like herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and degenerative spine conditions with small incisions instead of open surgery. Using microscopes and endoscopic cameras, surgeons access the spine with minimal tissue damage, leading to faster recovery, less pain, and fewer complications. Procedures include microdiscectomy, laminectomy, and spinal fusion to relieve nerve compression and stabilize the spine.

Craniotomy

A craniotomy is a surgical procedure where a part of the skull (bone flap) is removed to access the brain. It is commonly performed to remove brain tumors, treat brain aneurysms, relieve pressure, or manage traumatic brain injuries. Advanced techniques such as image-guided navigation and intraoperative MRI help improve precision and safety. The removed skull section is reattached after surgery. Recovery includes physical therapy and rehabilitation.

Colorectal Cancer Surgery

A surgery to remove cancerous parts of the colon or rectum. Depending on the stage, the procedure can be minimally invasive (laparoscopic) or require an open approach. In some cases, a colostomy or ileostomy may be needed.

Lung Cancer Resection

A procedure to remove a portion (lobectomy) or the entire lung (pneumonectomy) affected by lung cancer. This helps prevent the spread of cancer to other areas of the body. Post-surgical breathing rehabilitation may be necessary.

Radical Prostatectomy

This surgery involves the removal of the prostate gland and surrounding tissues to treat prostate cancer. It can be performed via open, laparoscopic, or robotic-assisted methods. Post-surgical effects may include urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction.

Mastectomy

A surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts to treat or prevent breast cancer. It may involve complete breast removal (total mastectomy) or partial removal (lumpectomy). Reconstruction surgery may be performed simultaneously or later

Bone Marrow Transplant

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT), also known as Stem Cell Transplant, is a life-saving procedure for patients with blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. It involves replacing damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy stem cells, which can be collected from the patient (autologous transplant) or a donor (allogeneic transplant). This procedure helps restore blood cell production and boost the immune system. Recovery can take months, and patients must remain in a sterile environment to prevent infections.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted Therapy is a precision cancer treatment that focuses on specific genes, proteins, or the tumor environment to block cancer growth. Unlike chemotherapy, which affects all fast-growing cells, targeted therapy selectively attacks cancer cells while sparing normal cells, reducing side effects. It is commonly used for cancers such as breast cancer (HER2-positive), lung cancer, and leukemia. The treatment may be given orally or intravenously, depending on the drug.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is an advanced cancer treatment that boosts the body's immune system to fight cancer cells more effectively. It is commonly used for cancers like melanoma, lung cancer, and certain types of lymphoma. Immunotherapy drugs, such as checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, enhance the immune response or target specific cancer cell proteins. While generally well-tolerated, some patients experience side effects like inflammation, fatigue, or flu-like symptoms.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a systemic cancer treatment that uses drugs to destroy rapidly growing cancer cells. It is used for a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. The drugs can be administered orally, intravenously, or directly into the affected area. While chemotherapy effectively kills cancer cells, it also affects healthy cells, leading to side effects such as hair loss, nausea, and fatigue. The treatment is often given in cycles, allowing the body to recover between sessions.

Auxiliary Liver Transplant

An Auxiliary Liver Transplant is a specialized procedure where a portion of a donor liver is transplanted into a recipient without removing their existing liver. This technique is mainly used for patients with acute liver failure who have a chance of liver recovery. If the patient’s liver regenerates and resumes normal function, immunosuppressive therapy can be discontinued, and the transplanted liver portion may shrink or be removed later.

Split Liver Transplant

A Split Liver Transplant is an advanced surgical technique in which a deceased donor’s liver is divided into two sections and transplanted into two different patients, typically an adult and a child. This technique maximizes the availability of donor organs and is beneficial in cases of pediatric liver transplants. The procedure requires a high level of surgical expertise to ensure both recipients’ livers function effectively after transplantation.

Living Donor Liver Transplant

A Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) involves transplanting a portion of a healthy donor’s liver into a recipient. The liver has a unique ability to regenerate, allowing both the donor’s and recipient’s liver to regrow to full size within months. This procedure is often recommended for patients with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, or acute liver failure. LDLT offers shorter waiting times compared to deceased donor transplants, making it a life-saving option for many patients.

Orthotopic Liver Transplant

An Orthotopic Liver Transplant (OLT) is the most common type of liver transplant, where a diseased liver is completely removed and replaced with a healthy liver from a deceased donor. This procedure is typically recommended for patients with end-stage liver disease, liver failure, or liver cancer. The surgery requires precise vascular and biliary reconnections to ensure the new liver functions properly. Post-surgical care includes immunosuppressive therapy to prevent organ rejection.

Dialysis Access Surgery

A procedure to create a connection between an artery and a vein for efficient dialysis access in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy

A non-invasive technique that uses a thin scope to reach kidney stones and break them into smaller pieces using laser energy for easy removal.

Laparoscopic Nephrectomy

A minimally invasive surgery to remove a diseased kidney due to cancer, severe infection, or non-functioning kidney. It involves small incisions and faster recovery.

Kidney Transplant

A surgical procedure where a diseased kidney is replaced with a healthy donor kidney. It is the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease, offering improved quality of life and longevity.

Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant

This procedure uses stem cells collected from the umbilical cord blood of a newborn baby. These stem cells are stored in cord blood banks and can be used for transplants in patients who do not have a suitable donor match. Umbilical cord blood transplants are especially useful for treating leukemia, sickle cell disease, and metabolic disorders. Since cord blood contains immature immune cells, the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is lower, but the number of stem cells available per unit is smaller, which can affect recovery time.

Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant

PBSCT is a type of hematopoietic stem cell transplant where stem cells are collected from the donor's bloodstream rather than the bone marrow. The donor receives medication to stimulate stem cell production, and the cells are then extracted using apheresis. This method is preferred over traditional bone marrow collection because it is less invasive and leads to faster engraftment of new blood cells. PBSCT is commonly used to treat leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.

Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant

An allogeneic bone marrow transplant involves transferring stem cells from a healthy donor (usually a close genetic match, such as a sibling) to a patient whose bone marrow has been destroyed by chemotherapy or radiation. This procedure is used for conditions such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain genetic disorders. The new stem cells help regenerate healthy bone marrow and restore normal blood cell production. However, there is a risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's body.

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant

An autologous bone marrow transplant involves collecting and storing a patient's own stem cells before undergoing high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy. After the treatment, the stored stem cells are reintroduced into the bloodstream, where they travel to the bone marrow and begin producing new blood cells. This procedure is commonly used to treat multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and some solid tumors. The main advantage is a lower risk of rejection since the patient’s own cells are used. However, there is a risk of cancer recurrence.

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

FESS is a minimally invasive procedure to treat chronic sinus infections, nasal polyps, or sinus blockages. The surgeon uses an endoscope to remove obstructions and improve sinus drainage. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and typically has a short recovery period.

Cochlear Implant Surgery

parts of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve. This procedure is especially beneficial for patients who do not benefit from traditional hearing aids. Post-surgery, patients require extensive auditory rehabilitation.

Septoplasty

Septoplasty is a surgical procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum, which can cause breathing difficulties, snoring, or chronic sinus infections. The surgeon reshapes or removes parts of the septum to improve airflow. It is usually performed under local or general anesthesia and does not change the external appearance of the nose.

Tonsillectomy

A tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the tonsils, often performed to treat chronic tonsillitis, sleep apnea, or recurrent throat infections. The procedure is usually done under general anesthesia, and patients may experience throat pain for a few days post-surgery. Recovery typically involves a soft diet and pain management.

Lung Biopsy

A lung biopsy is a procedure to extract a small tissue sample from the lungs for diagnosing lung cancer, infections, or other diseases.

Pulmonary Function Test

PFT is a series of breathing tests to measure how well the lungs function. It is used for: Diagnosing asthma, COPD, and lung fibrosis Monitoring lung disease progression Assessing lung function before surgery It includes tests like spirometry, lung volume measurement, and diffusion capacity testing.

Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis is a minimally invasive procedure to remove excess fluid from the pleural space (area between the lungs and chest wall). It is performed to: Diagnose pleural effusion (fluid buildup around the lungs) Relieve symptoms like difficulty breathing, chest pain, and cough Treat lung infections and cancers affecting the pleura

Bronchoscopy

A bronchoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that allows doctors to examine the airways (trachea and bronchi) using a flexible or rigid bronchoscope. It is used for: Detecting lung diseases (e.g., infections, tumors, or inflammation) Removing foreign objects from the airways Taking tissue samples (biopsy) for further analysis

Varicose Vein Surgery

A minimally invasive procedure using laser energy to close off and shrink varicose veins, improving blood circulation and reducing discomfort.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Surgery

A procedure to relieve compression of nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, helping with pain, numbness, and circulation problems.

Carotid Endarterectomy

A surgical procedure to remove plaque buildup from the carotid artery, reducing the risk of stroke by improving blood flow to the brain.

Aortic Aneurysm Repair

A procedure to repair a weakened or bulging section of the aorta, preventing rupture. It can be done via open surgery or minimally invasive endovascular techniques.

Electrophysiology Studies

A test used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart and diagnose abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). It may involve catheter insertion and ablation if needed.

Pacemaker Implantation

A surgical procedure to remove part or all of the esophagus, often performed for esophageal cancer or severe esophageal disorders.

Angioplasty and Stenting

A minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels supplying the heart (coronary arteries). A stent is often placed to keep the artery open.

Cardiac Catheterization

A diagnostic procedure where a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart to check for blockages, heart function, and other cardiovascular issues.