Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)

Otoacoustic Emissions test evaluates the function of the outer hair cells in the inner ear (cochlea). A small probe placed in the ear canal emits sounds and records the echo returned from the cochlea. It does not require active participation from the patient, making it ideal for newborn and infant screening. The test is painless and quick. It helps detect early signs of sensorineural hearing loss. OAE is a reliable and objective method for hearing assessment.

Tympanometry

Tympanometry is a quick, objective test that checks middle ear function by varying air pressure in the ear canal. It measures the movement of the eardrum (tympanic membrane). It helps detect fluid buildup, eardrum perforations, or Eustachian tube dysfunction. The procedure is painless and non-invasive. Results are shown as a tympanogram curve. It is essential for diagnosing conductive hearing loss and planning appropriate treatment strategies.

Speech Audiometry

Speech Audiometry assesses a patient's ability to hear and understand speech in quiet conditions. Words or sentences are played at different volumes, and the patient repeats what they hear. It helps determine the clarity of speech perception and the level of hearing difficulty. This test complements pure tone audiometry. Results include speech reception threshold and word recognition scores. It is crucial for evaluating real-world communication ability and hearing aid outcomes.

Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA)

Pure Tone Audiometry is a fundamental hearing test that evaluates a person's hearing sensitivity at various pitches and volumes. The patient wears headphones and listens to a series of tones. They indicate when they hear each sound, which helps identify the degree and type of hearing loss. The results are plotted on an audiogram graph. This test is painless and non-invasive. It is essential for diagnosing hearing problems and planning hearing aid fittings.

Intragastric Balloon

A non-surgical weight-loss procedure where a soft silicone balloon is inserted into the stomach endoscopically and then filled with saline. It partially fills the stomach, creating a feeling of fullness with less food. The balloon is typically left in place for 6 months and then removed. Patients may lose 10–15% of total body weight during this period. It is temporary and meant for patients who prefer non-surgical options. Lifestyle changes are still necessary for lasting results.

Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS)

This complex surgery combines a sleeve gastrectomy with intestinal bypass. It greatly reduces stomach size and significantly limits calorie and nutrient absorption. Patients can lose up to 70–90% of excess weight. It is particularly effective for severe obesity and metabolic issues like diabetes. Due to high malabsorption, strict lifelong vitamin and protein supplementation is essential. It carries higher nutritional risks and requires close monitoring.

Adjustable Gastric Banding (Lap-Band)

This involves placing an inflatable silicone band around the upper part of the stomach to create a small pouch. The band can be adjusted over time to control food intake. It results in gradual weight loss (about 40–50% of excess weight). The procedure is reversible and less invasive than other bariatric surgeries. However, it requires frequent follow-up adjustments and has a higher risk of long-term complications or band removal.

Sleeve Gastrectomy

In this procedure, about 75–80% of the stomach is removed, leaving a banana-shaped sleeve. The smaller stomach limits food intake and reduces the hunger hormone (ghrelin), leading to weight loss. Patients usually lose 50–70% of excess weight within one year. It does not involve intestinal bypass, reducing nutrient deficiency risks. The surgery is irreversible but less complex than bypass. It improves obesity-related conditions significantly.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)

This is one of the most common and effective weight-loss surgeries. The surgeon creates a small stomach pouch and connects it directly to the small intestine, bypassing most of the stomach and part of the intestine. This reduces food intake and calorie absorption. Patients typically lose 60–80% of excess weight within 12–18 months. The procedure also helps improve diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea. It requires lifelong vitamin and mineral supplementation.

Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant

This procedure uses stem cells collected from the umbilical cord blood of a newborn baby. These stem cells are stored in cord blood banks and can be used for transplants in patients who do not have a suitable donor match. Umbilical cord blood transplants are especially useful for treating leukemia, sickle cell disease, and metabolic disorders. Since cord blood contains immature immune cells, the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is lower, but the number of stem cells available per unit is smaller, which can affect recovery time.

Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant

PBSCT is a type of hematopoietic stem cell transplant where stem cells are collected from the donor's bloodstream rather than the bone marrow. The donor receives medication to stimulate stem cell production, and the cells are then extracted using apheresis. This method is preferred over traditional bone marrow collection because it is less invasive and leads to faster engraftment of new blood cells. PBSCT is commonly used to treat leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.

Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant

An allogeneic bone marrow transplant involves transferring stem cells from a healthy donor (usually a close genetic match, such as a sibling) to a patient whose bone marrow has been destroyed by chemotherapy or radiation. This procedure is used for conditions such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain genetic disorders. The new stem cells help regenerate healthy bone marrow and restore normal blood cell production. However, there is a risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's body.

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant

An autologous bone marrow transplant involves collecting and storing a patient's own stem cells before undergoing high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy. After the treatment, the stored stem cells are reintroduced into the bloodstream, where they travel to the bone marrow and begin producing new blood cells. This procedure is commonly used to treat multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and some solid tumors. The main advantage is a lower risk of rejection since the patient’s own cells are used. However, there is a risk of cancer recurrence.

Breast Reconstruction Surgery

A procedure to rebuild the shape and appearance of the breast after mastectomy using implants or tissue from other body parts.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

A procedure to remove and examine lymph nodes to check if breast cancer has spread. If cancer is detected, more nodes may be removed.

Mastectomy

A procedure to remove one or both breasts to treat or prevent breast cancer. It can be simple (total), modified radical, or radical mastectomy depending on cancer severity.

Lumpectomy

A surgery to remove only the tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue, preserving most of the breast. It is often followed by radiation therapy.

Colorectal Cancer Surgery

A surgery to remove cancerous parts of the colon or rectum. Depending on the stage, the procedure can be minimally invasive (laparoscopic) or require an open approach. In some cases, a colostomy or ileostomy may be needed.

Lung Cancer Resection

A procedure to remove a portion (lobectomy) or the entire lung (pneumonectomy) affected by lung cancer. This helps prevent the spread of cancer to other areas of the body. Post-surgical breathing rehabilitation may be necessary.

Radical Prostatectomy

This surgery involves the removal of the prostate gland and surrounding tissues to treat prostate cancer. It can be performed via open, laparoscopic, or robotic-assisted methods. Post-surgical effects may include urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction.

Mastectomy

A surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts to treat or prevent breast cancer. It may involve complete breast removal (total mastectomy) or partial removal (lumpectomy). Reconstruction surgery may be performed simultaneously or later

Bone Tumor Resection with Limb Salvage

Surgical removal of malignant bone tumors while preserving limb structure and function. Often involves reconstruction with prosthetics or bone grafts. Helps maintain mobility and quality of life, avoiding amputation. Requires detailed planning and rehabilitation.

Robotic Lung Cancer Resection (Lobectomy/Segmentectomy)

Robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery to remove a lung lobe or segment affected by cancer. Offers greater precision, faster recovery, and improved lung function. Preferred for early-stage lung cancers where lung preservation is important.

Esophagectomy

Removal of all or part of the esophagus to treat cancer, followed by reconstruction using stomach or intestine. Requires high surgical skill and intensive care. Often combined with chemotherapy or radiation therapy for best outcomes.

Nephrectomy (Kidney Cancer Surgery)

Removal of all or part of the kidney affected by cancer. Minimally invasive and robotic options reduce pain and preserve kidney function when possible. Recommended for renal cell carcinoma and other kidney tumors.

Liver Resection (Hepatectomy)

Surgical removal of the liver portion containing cancer. Used for primary liver tumors or metastases. Preserves maximum healthy liver tissue. Requires advanced planning and surgical expertise. Can be performed laparoscopically for faster recovery.

HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy)

Advanced treatment where heated chemotherapy is circulated in the abdominal cavity after tumor removal. Targets microscopic residual cancer cells, improving outcomes for peritoneal surface malignancies. Requires complex surgical skill and intensive postoperative care.

Colon Cancer Resection (Colectomy)

Removal of a cancerous segment of the colon with nearby lymph nodes, followed by reconnection of the healthy parts. Minimally invasive options lead to less pain and faster recovery. Essential for improving survival in colorectal cancer.

Radical Hysterectomy

Removal of the uterus, cervix, part of the vagina, and surrounding tissues including lymph nodes. Performed for cervical and uterine cancers. Can be done via open, laparoscopic, or robotic techniques to reduce complications and improve recovery.

Lumpectomy (Breast-Conserving Surgery)

A breast-conserving surgery that removes the tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue, preserving most of the breast. Common for early-stage cancers and usually followed by radiation. Excellent cosmetic and oncologic results.

Mastectomy

A surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts partially or completely, typically for treating or preventing breast cancer. It may include lymph node removal. Minimally invasive or robotic options improve recovery and cosmetic outcomes.

Electrophysiology Studies

A test used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart and diagnose abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). It may involve catheter insertion and ablation if needed.

Pacemaker Implantation

A surgical procedure to remove part or all of the esophagus, often performed for esophageal cancer or severe esophageal disorders.

Angioplasty and Stenting

A minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels supplying the heart (coronary arteries). A stent is often placed to keep the artery open.

Cardiac Catheterization

A diagnostic procedure where a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart to check for blockages, heart function, and other cardiovascular issues.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)

Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)

Evidence-based PTSD intervention (8–15 sessions), combining imaginal exposure to trauma memories with in-vivo exposure to feared but safe situations .

Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)

Manualized therapy specifically for PTSD, typically 12 weekly sessions, focusing on writing and processing trauma narratives and challenging distorted beliefs .

Clinical Psychology / CBT Specialists

Structured, short‑term treatment (6–18 sessions) targeting thought & behavior patterns to treat anxiety, depression, PTSD, OCD, etc. Often includes homework and measurable goals

Dental Implant

Titanium post is inserted into jawbone, heals over months, then topped with a crown. Permanent, bone‑preserving solution for missing teeth.

Dental Veneers

Thin custom porcelain/composite shells bonded to the front of teeth to improve color, shape, or alignment. Long‑lasting and natural‑looking.

Teeth Whitening

Lightens stains using peroxide gel and possible light activation. Fast aesthetic boost; safe when professionally administered.

Dental Crown

Two-visit procedure: reshape tooth, take impressions, fit custom cap to restore appearance, strength, and bite. Durable and protective.

Root Canal

Cleans infection from inside the tooth, seals canals. Usually followed by a crown. Saves natural teeth and relieves pain.

Tooth Extraction

Removal of decayed, impacted, or damaged teeth under local anesthesia. Surgical cases may need stitches; recovery instructions provided.

Tooth Filling

Removes decay and restores function using tooth-colored or metal materials. Fast, effective, minimal discomfort.

Dental Cleaning

Routine exam, polishing and fluoride application to remove plaque/tartar and prevent gum disease. Ideal every six months; pain-free and quick.

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

FESS is a minimally invasive procedure to treat chronic sinus infections, nasal polyps, or sinus blockages. The surgeon uses an endoscope to remove obstructions and improve sinus drainage. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and typically has a short recovery period.

Cochlear Implant Surgery

parts of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve. This procedure is especially beneficial for patients who do not benefit from traditional hearing aids. Post-surgery, patients require extensive auditory rehabilitation.

Septoplasty

Septoplasty is a surgical procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum, which can cause breathing difficulties, snoring, or chronic sinus infections. The surgeon reshapes or removes parts of the septum to improve airflow. It is usually performed under local or general anesthesia and does not change the external appearance of the nose.

Tonsillectomy

A tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the tonsils, often performed to treat chronic tonsillitis, sleep apnea, or recurrent throat infections. The procedure is usually done under general anesthesia, and patients may experience throat pain for a few days post-surgery. Recovery typically involves a soft diet and pain management.

Eye Lid Surgery (Blepharoplasty)

A procedure that removes excess skin and fat from the eyelids to treat drooping, puffiness, or to correct vision issues. It can also improve appearance and reduce eyelid weight.

YAG Laser Capsulotomy

A laser treatment used to treat cloudiness that sometimes forms in the capsule of the lens after cataract surgery, restoring clear vision.

Intravitreal Injections

Involves injecting medication directly into the eye to treat conditions like macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or retinal vein occlusion. It helps manage swelling.

Pterygium Surgery

A procedure to remove pterygium (a growth of tissue on the eye's surface), which can obstruct vision. Usually performed under local anesthesia and has a high success rate.

Corneal Transplant (Keratoplasty)

A surgical procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea. It restores vision for patients with corneal disease or scarring.

Retinal Laser Surgery

Uses laser to treat retinal conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, and macular degeneration. The procedure helps seal leaks and prevent further vision loss.

Glaucoma Surgery

A set of surgical procedures aimed at lowering intraocular pressure to prevent optic nerve damage in glaucoma patients. Methods include trabeculectomy and tube shunt surgery.

LASIK Surgery

A laser surgery to correct nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism. LASIK reshapes the cornea to improve focus, offering freedom from glasses or contact lenses.

Cataract Surgery

A common procedure to remove the cloudy lens of the eye (cataract) and replace it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL), improving vision and reducing glare and blindness.

Endoscopic Retrograde

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

Liver Biopsy

A liver biopsy is a procedure to obtain a small tissue sample from the liver to diagnose conditions such as liver disease, hepatitis, or cirrhosis. A needle is inserted through the skin into the liver to collect the sample, which is then analyzed under a microscope.

Gastric Bypass Surgery

Gastric bypass is a weight-loss surgery that reduces stomach size and reroutes the digestive tract to limit food absorption. This procedure is commonly used for patients with obesity and related health issues such as diabetes or hypertension. It requires significant lifestyle changes and follow-up care.

Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, or cancer. A flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum to visualize the intestinal lining. If necessary, polyps can be removed during the procedure.

Heart Transplant

A heart transplant is a surgical procedure performed to replace a failing or diseased heart with a healthy donor heart. It is usually recommended for patients with end-stage heart failure, severe coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathy when other treatments fail. The procedure involves removing the diseased heart, connecting the donor heart to the major blood vessels, and ensuring proper circulation. Post-surgery, patients require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent organ rejection.

Hypertension Screening & Management

Includes blood pressure monitoring, lifestyle counseling, diagnostic tests, and medication management for high blood pressure patients.

Diabetes Management Program

A structured program involving blood sugar monitoring, lifestyle counseling, medication, and diet planning for diabetes patients.

ECG (Electrocardiogram)

A test that records the electrical activity of the heart to detect heart conditions such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, or heart failure.

Endoscopy

A non-surgical procedure used to examine the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a camera. It helps diagnose issues like ulcers, gastritis, or tumors.

Patent Foramen Ovale Closure

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Closure is a catheter-based procedure used to close a small hole between the heart’s upper chambers (left and right atria) that failed to close naturally after birth. While many people with PFO have no symptoms, some may experience strokes or migraines due to blood clots passing through the hole. A small, umbrella-like device is inserted via a catheter and positioned to seal the opening permanently. This procedure significantly reduces stroke risk and improves overall heart function.

Rotablation

Rotablation is a specialized technique used to treat heavily calcified coronary artery blockages that cannot be easily opened with conventional angioplasty. A tiny rotating burr coated with diamond particles is inserted into the artery to grind down plaque buildup into microscopic particles, which are safely absorbed by the bloodstream. This method allows for better stent placement and improved blood flow, making it particularly useful in complex heart disease cases.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is a cutting-edge, minimally invasive procedure used to replace a diseased aortic valve in patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at high risk for open-heart surgery. A new valve is implanted through a catheter, usually via the femoral artery (in the groin), avoiding the need for a major surgical incision. The procedure significantly improves symptoms like breathlessness and chest pain and enhances the patient’s quality of life.

Coronary Angioplasty

Coronary Angioplasty, also known as Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), is a minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, restoring proper blood flow to the heart. A catheter with a small balloon is inserted into the artery and inflated at the blockage site. Often, a stent (a small mesh tube) is placed to keep the artery open. It is commonly performed on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), angina, or heart attacks. The procedure reduces chest pain, improves heart function, and lowers the risk of heart attacks.

Spinal Cord Decompression Surgery

This procedure is performed to relieve spinal cord compression caused by herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or tumors. It involves removing part of the vertebrae (laminectomy) or a portion of a herniated disc (discectomy) to reduce pressure on nerves and the spinal cord. Patients with symptoms like severe back pain, numbness, weakness, or difficulty walking benefit greatly from this surgery. Minimally invasive techniques allow faster recovery.

Brain Tumor Surgery

Brain tumor surgery involves removing abnormal growths in the brain to relieve pressure, improve neurological function, and prevent cancer spread. The most common method is craniotomy, where part of the skull is removed to access the tumor. Advanced techniques like neuro-navigation, awake brain surgery, and robotic-assisted surgery help ensure precision and safety. Surgery may be followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy to prevent tumor regrowth.

Stroke Thrombectomy

Stroke thrombectomy is an emergency procedure to remove a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain, causing an ischemic stroke. Using a catheter inserted through the groin, doctors navigate to the blocked artery and extract the clot with a stent retriever or suction device. This procedure must be performed within 6 - 24 hours of stroke onset to restore blood flow, prevent brain damage, and reduce disability.

Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used to treat neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Electrodes are implanted in specific brain areas and connected to a pacemaker-like device placed under the skin in the chest. The device sends electrical impulses to regulate abnormal brain activity, reducing symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and involuntary movements. DBS does not cure neurological diseases but significantly improves quality of life.

Preemptive Kidney Transplant

suggest that getting a transplant before kidney failure occurs leads to better long-term outcomes, fewer complications, and improved quality of life. This procedure reduces exposure to dialysis-related complications and allows patients to recover faster and lead a normal life.

ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant

transplant, advanced medical techniques allow transplantation even if the donor and recipient have mismatched blood groups. Special treatments like plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy help remove harmful antibodies, increasing the chances of transplant success. This expands donor options for patients who have difficulty finding a match.

Paired Kidney Exchange

A paired kidney exchange is an advanced transplant option for patients who have a willing donor but are not biologically compatible. In this program, two or more pairs of incompatible donors and recipients are matched with each other so that each patient gets a compatible kidney from another donor. This procedure helps increase transplant success rates and reduces waiting time.

Kidney Transplant

A kidney transplant is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where a healthy kidney from a donor replaces a failing kidney.

Kidney Biopsy

A kidney biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine kidney tissue under a microscope. It helps in diagnosing kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and kidney transplant rejection. A small sample of kidney tissue is removed using a thin needle, often guided by ultrasound or CT imaging. The results help doctors determine the best course of treatment. While generally safe, complications such as minor bleeding can occur.

Renal Angioplasty and Stenting

Renal angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure to treat narrowed or blocked renal arteries caused by conditions such as atherosclerosis. A catheter with a balloon is inserted into the blocked artery and inflated to widen the passage, improving blood flow to the kidneys. In most cases, a stent (a small mesh tube) is placed to keep the artery open. This procedure helps reduce high blood pressure and prevent further kidney damage.

Kidney Transplant

A kidney transplant is the surgical replacement of a diseased kidney with a healthy one from a donor. It is the most effective long-term treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The donor kidney can come from a living person (usually a relative) or a deceased donor. The recipient must take lifelong immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection. This procedure significantly improves quality of life compared to dialysis, allowing patients to return to normal activities.

Kidney Dialysis

Dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure. It removes waste, toxins, and excess fluids from the body when the kidneys can no longer function properly.

Bone Marrow Transplant

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT), also known as Stem Cell Transplant, is a life-saving procedure for patients with blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. It involves replacing damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy stem cells, which can be collected from the patient (autologous transplant) or a donor (allogeneic transplant). This procedure helps restore blood cell production and boost the immune system. Recovery can take months, and patients must remain in a sterile environment to prevent infections.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted Therapy is a precision cancer treatment that focuses on specific genes, proteins, or the tumor environment to block cancer growth. Unlike chemotherapy, which affects all fast-growing cells, targeted therapy selectively attacks cancer cells while sparing normal cells, reducing side effects. It is commonly used for cancers such as breast cancer (HER2-positive), lung cancer, and leukemia. The treatment may be given orally or intravenously, depending on the drug.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is an advanced cancer treatment that boosts the body's immune system to fight cancer cells more effectively. It is commonly used for cancers like melanoma, lung cancer, and certain types of lymphoma. Immunotherapy drugs, such as checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, enhance the immune response or target specific cancer cell proteins. While generally well-tolerated, some patients experience side effects like inflammation, fatigue, or flu-like symptoms.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a systemic cancer treatment that uses drugs to destroy rapidly growing cancer cells. It is used for a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. The drugs can be administered orally, intravenously, or directly into the affected area. While chemotherapy effectively kills cancer cells, it also affects healthy cells, leading to side effects such as hair loss, nausea, and fatigue. The treatment is often given in cycles, allowing the body to recover between sessions.

Aneurysm Clipping

Aneurysm clipping is a neurosurgical procedure used to prevent a brain aneurysm from rupturing. Surgeons place a small metal clip at the base of the aneurysm to stop blood flow, preventing it from bursting and causing a life-threatening stroke or brain hemorrhage. This is a highly effective treatment for unruptured and ruptured aneurysms. Compared to endovascular coiling, clipping is more invasive but has a lower risk of recurrence.

Epilepsy Surgery

Epilepsy surgery is recommended for patients with severe, drug-resistant epilepsy. The most common procedure is temporal lobectomy, where a part of the brain’s temporal lobe (where seizures originate) is removed. Another approach, corpus callosotomy, cuts the corpus callosum to prevent seizures from spreading between brain hemispheres. This surgery significantly reduces seizure frequency and improves quality of life.

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS) is used to treat spinal disorders like herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and degenerative spine conditions with small incisions instead of open surgery. Using microscopes and endoscopic cameras, surgeons access the spine with minimal tissue damage, leading to faster recovery, less pain, and fewer complications. Procedures include microdiscectomy, laminectomy, and spinal fusion to relieve nerve compression and stabilize the spine.

Craniotomy

A craniotomy is a surgical procedure where a part of the skull (bone flap) is removed to access the brain. It is commonly performed to remove brain tumors, treat brain aneurysms, relieve pressure, or manage traumatic brain injuries. Advanced techniques such as image-guided navigation and intraoperative MRI help improve precision and safety. The removed skull section is reattached after surgery. Recovery includes physical therapy and rehabilitation.

Intrauterine Fetal Blood Transfusion

A life-saving procedure where blood is directly transfused to the fetus via the umbilical cord to treat conditions like Rh disease or severe fetal anemia.

Laparoscopic Myomectomy

A keyhole surgery to remove uterine fibroids while preserving fertility, commonly done for heavy periods or infertility cases.

Amniocentesis

A diagnostic procedure where a small sample of amniotic fluid is taken to test for chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome.

Fetal Echocardiography

A specialized ultrasound to assess the fetal heart for congenital heart defects and other abnormalities during pregnancy.

Lung Biopsy

A lung biopsy is a procedure to extract a small tissue sample from the lungs for diagnosing lung cancer, infections, or other diseases.

Pulmonary Function Test

PFT is a series of breathing tests to measure how well the lungs function. It is used for: Diagnosing asthma, COPD, and lung fibrosis Monitoring lung disease progression Assessing lung function before surgery It includes tests like spirometry, lung volume measurement, and diffusion capacity testing.

Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis is a minimally invasive procedure to remove excess fluid from the pleural space (area between the lungs and chest wall). It is performed to: Diagnose pleural effusion (fluid buildup around the lungs) Relieve symptoms like difficulty breathing, chest pain, and cough Treat lung infections and cancers affecting the pleura

Bronchoscopy

A bronchoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that allows doctors to examine the airways (trachea and bronchi) using a flexible or rigid bronchoscope. It is used for: Detecting lung diseases (e.g., infections, tumors, or inflammation) Removing foreign objects from the airways Taking tissue samples (biopsy) for further analysis

Bladder Cancer Surgery

A procedure where the entire bladder is removed for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. A new urinary diversion (such as an ileal conduit or neobladder) is created to store and pass urine.

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

A procedure to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by removing excess prostate tissue using a special scope inserted through the urethra.

Radical Prostatectomy

Surgical removal of the prostate gland to treat localized prostate cancer. It can be performed via open, laparoscopic, or robotic-assisted techniques.

Kidney Stone Removal

A minimally invasive procedure where large kidney stones are removed using a small incision in the back. It is performed under general anesthesia and is highly effective for complex stones.

Renal Artery Stenting

A procedure to open narrowed arteries supplying blood to the kidneys, reducing the risk of hypertension and kidney failure. A stent is placed to keep the artery open.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Thrombectomy

A surgical procedure to remove a blood clot from a deep vein in the leg or pelvis, preventing life-threatening complications like pulmonary embolism.

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

A minimally invasive procedure to repair an abdominal or thoracic aortic aneurysm using a stent graft inserted through small incisions in the groin.

Peripheral Artery Bypass Surgery

A procedure to bypass blocked arteries in the legs or arms, restoring blood flow and preventing limb complications. A vein or synthetic graft is used to create a new path for blood circulation.